Characterization of climatic aridity in the groundnut basin, Senegal

V. B. Traore, M.L. Ndiaye, S. Diallo, R.M. Ndiaye, R. Diouf, M.L. Sow

Abstract


Abstract: Understanding of climate aridity is an important step towards assessing the availability of water in a given area. This understanding requires an appropriate analysis allowing monitoring the spatio-temporal evolution of the parameters which act on the availability of water. In this study, we used annual rainfall and temperatures from 5 synoptic stations in the groundnut basin over the period 1965-2014. The study is essentially based on a quantitative and qualitative examination of the Lang, Martonne and hydrothermal indices. It is for us to extract information that can guide agricultural planning choices. The results obtained show that the groundnut basin actually experienced aridity phenomena during the study period. For the five regional stations, there are three degrees of aridity, namely semi-arid, arid and hyper-arid. In terms of duration and frequency, Louga stands out as the most affected and Kaolack the least affected by the aridity phenomenon. In terms of water balance, Fatick seems to be the most affected and Louga the least affected for the water deficit. In terms of heat balance, Louga stands out as the warmest and Thies the least hot. A comparison of the three indices has led to the conclusion that the Martonne aridity index remains very satisfactory for studies of a regional nature. These results thus highlight the great vulnerability of the area to drying up and global warming, especially from north to south. Indeed, an increasing decrease in precipitation and temperatures was observed during the period under review, which widened the gap between the amount of precipitation and the demand for water in agriculture.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ionac, N.; Grigore, E.; Constantin, O.D.M. Assessment of the phenomena of drying and drought in the continental zone of the plateau of the southern dobroudja. XXVIIIth Symposium of the International Association of Climatology, Liege (2015) 269-274.

Greve, P.; Roderick, M.L.; Seneviratne, S.I. Simulated changes in aridity from the last glacial maximum to 4xCO2. Environ. Res. Lett. 12 (2017) 114021

Floret, C.; Roger, P. (1984). Climatic aridity, edaphic aridity. Bull.Soc.bot.Fr., 131, Actual.bot. 4 (1984) 265-275

Mongi, H. Vulnerability and adaptation of rain fed agriculture to climate change and variability in semi-arid Tanzania. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 4(2010) 371-381

Mokhtari,N.; Mrabet,R. ; Lebailly, P. ; Bock, L. (2014). Spatialization of bioclimates, aridity and vegetation stages of Morocco. Rev. Mar. Sci. Agron. 2 (2014) 50-66

Greve, P.; Roderick, M.L.;Ukkola, A.M.;Wada.Y. The aridity Index under global warming. Environmental Research Letters. 14(2019) 124006.

Otilija, M.; Sabrija,Č.; Vesna,T.; Viktor, L.;Ivan ,Š.; Palma, O.L.Climate and aridity change. 8TH Asian Regional Conference (8ARC): Irrigation in Support of Evergreen Revolution (2018)143-152.

Derya,Ö.; Mehmet,A.; Süha, B.; Sermet,Ö.; Tomohisa,Y.The use of aridity index to assess implications of climatic change for land cover in Turkey. Turk J Agric For .33 (2009) 305-314.

Dhari, N.A.A. Climate Aridity: The Sultanate of Oman as a Case Study. International Journal of Earth Science and Geology.1(2018) 1-3.

Rosenzweig, C.;Strzepek, K.M.;Major, D.C.;Iglesias, A., Yates, D.N.; McCluskey, A. ;Hillel, D. Water resources for agriculture in a changing climate: international case studies. Global Environmental Change. 14(2004) 345-360.

Krol,M.S.; Bronstert, A. Regional integrated modelling of climate change impacts on natural resources and resource usage in semi-arid Northeast Brazil. Environmental Modelling & Software. 22(2007) 259-268

Aydın, M. Water: Key ingredient in Turkish farming. Forum for applied research and public policy. A Quarterly Journal of the University of Tennessee. 10(1995) 68-70.

Sene I., Diene A.N., Traore V.B. and Niane D.T. (2019). Rainfall Analysis for Agricultural Purposes in Thies Region, Senegal Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology.13 (2019) 30-39.

Pareek, N.Climate Change Impact on Soils: Adaptation and Mitigation. MOJ Eco environ.Sci., 26(2017) 1-4.

Losch, B. The challenges of the transition in sub-Saharan Africa: how to support the continent's structural transformation in globalization? Policy brief # 2, Rural Struc Program, World Bank (2010).

Chaitanya, B.; Hars hit, A.; Himank, M.; Nikhil, C. S.; Dhivya,L.; Bhargav ,P.; Sabumon, P.CAssessing the Problems in Agriculture in Indian Context for Farmers with Small Holdings and Potential Remedies. International journal of science and research methodology.10(2018)1-9

NMA.Climate change National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) of Ethiopia. National Meteorology Agency of Ethiopia (NMA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2007).

Zewdu, E.; Hadgu, G; Lisanework, N.Impacts of climate change on sorghum production in North Eastern Ethiopia. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 14(2020) 49- 63.

Dipama, J.M. The issue of agricultural production in the context of climate change. In Cahiers du CERLESHS .47(2014a) 107-125.

Gebrehiwot, T.; Veen, V.D. A. Assessing the evidence of climate variability in the northern part of Ethiopia. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics. 5(2013)104-119.

World Bank. Climate Change: Action Plan 2016–2020’.World B. Group. 114(2016) 838-839.

Kumar,V.;Jain,S.K..; Singh, Y. Analysis of long-term rainfall trends in India. Hydrological Science Journal. 55(2010) 484-496.

Traore,V.B.; Diallo,S.,Sow,M.L.; Ndiaye, M.L.; Diouf ,R.; Sarr, J.; Diaw, A.T.; Beye, A.C. Characterization of meteorological drought level in oriental Senegal. Int. Res. J. Environmental Sci. 7(2018)22-36.

Luca,S.; Marco, Z.; Rosanna, D. B.;Luigi, P.Climate Aridity under Changing Conditions and Implications for the Agricultural Sector: Italy as a Case Study. Geography Journal.2013(2012) 1-7.

Mohammad, A.A.Z. ; Bellie, S.;Hossein, M. ; Ashish, S. Future aridity under conditions of global climate change. Journal of Hydrology.554(2017) 451-469.

Christensen,N.S.;Wood,A.W.;Voisin,N.;Lettenmaier, D.P. ;Palmer, R.N. Effects of Climate Change on the Hydrology and Water Resources of the Colorado River Basin. Clim. Change. 62(2004)337-363.

Anouar, S. Agro-climatic potentials of the Zenata and Maghnia region. Study of a long climatic series. Dissertation for the Diploma of Engineering, UNIVERSITÉ ABOU-BEKR BELKAID– TLEMCEN (2014) 227p.

Fu ,Q.;Feng, S. Responses of terrestrial aridity to global warming. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 119(2014) 63-75.

Zhao, T.; Dai, A. The magnitude and causes of global drought changes in the twenty-first century under a low-moderate emissions scenario. J. Clim. 284(2015) 490–512.

Huang, J.; Yu, H.; Guan, X.; Wang, G.; Guo, R. Accelerated dryland expansion under climate change. Nat. Clim. Change. 61(2016) 66-71.

Lin, L; Gettelman, A.; FuQand Xu, Y. Simulated differences in 21st century aridity due to different scenarios of greenhouse gases and aerosols. Clim. Change 146 (2018) 407–22.

Marvel, K.; Cook, B. I.; Bonfils, C.J.; Durack, P. J.; Smerdon, J.E.; Williams, A.P. Twentieth-century hydro climate changes consistent with human influence. Nature.569 (2019) 59-65.

Faye, J.; Ba, C.O.; Dieye, P.N. ; Dansoko, M. Structural changes in rural economies in globalization, Rural struc Phase 1 program: Senegal, Dakar. Agricultural and Rural Prospective Initiative. (2007).

ISRA. Characterization and typology of family farms in Senegal. Research and Development Project "Understanding family farms to develop Agricultural Policies with peasants, groundnut basin.8 (2008) 31p.

Roch, J. Economic migrations in the dry season in the Senegal groundnut basin. ORSTOM notebook. Human Sciences series. 12 (1975) 55-80.

ENDA Report of the baseline study on seed management mechanisms: Case of Senegal. Report (2018) 41p.

ISRA South peanut basin strategic plan; 3rd part: need for research ISRA_ Senegal (1997).

Stomal, W.B. The recent and comparative evolution of the serer and Wolof production systems in two villages in the old peanut basin (Senegal).Human Sciences notebook. 24(1988) 17-33.

Diop, A.B. Farmers in the groundnut basin. Living conditions and survival behaviors, African Policy 45(1992) 39-62.

DEMSG . Educational guide geography 6th. USAID / Basic Education project. (2012) 44p.

Céline, B.; Maam, S.S.J. Migration and diversification of local economic activities: study of the Senegal groundnut basin. De Boeck Superior | “Developing worlds. 4 (2013) 93-114.

Dione, M.; Diop, O.; Dieye, P.N.; Ndao, B. Characterization and typology of family farms in Senegal. Groundnut basin, Studies and Document 3-8(2008) ISRA, Dakar, Senegal.

Ba, D.D.; Ndiaye, P.M.; Faye, C. Rainfall variability and evolution of climate drought in the Senegal river valley.Togolese des Sciences Review. 12(2018) 57-71

Mbengue, O. Socio-economic study of the practice of fallow forage in the Senegal groundnut basin. ENSA thesis. (2002) 69p.

Roquet, D. Leaving to last better: migration as a response to drought in Senegal ?. Space populations Societies.1(2008) 37-53.

Sakho, J.M. S. Food self-sufficiency through the diversification of activities: the case of agricultural households in the groundnut basin in Senegal, Doctoral thesis, Montpellier Supagro. (2009).

Diouf, A. Typology of farms and profitability study of fodder crops in the production system of the Senegal groundnut basin. ENSA thesis. (2002)84p.

Badiane, A.N. ; Khouma, M.; Sene, M. Management and transformation of organic matter. Synthesis of research work carried out in Senegal since 1945. Ed. ISRA, (2000) 115 p.

Lericollais, A. The peanut basin _ In Senegal. . Jeune Afrique Paris . (1980) 50 - 53.

Sow,D. Economic study of a quality test peanut production in the Peanut Basin (Paoskoto) in Senegal same at the end of studies. ENSA Thies Senegal. (2005) 55p.

Souradja, M. M. MStudy of the determining factors of the adoption of technologies relating to the production of Niébé in the North Center of the Groundnut Basin at the end of studies. ENSA-Thies. (2001).

DPS Summary report of the Second Senegalese Household Survey (ESAM –II). Ministry of the Economy and Finance. (2004) 253 p.

Fernandes ,P.; Silvie ,P.; Amadji, G.; Belmin, R. ; Bocar, B. A.; Brévault, T. ; Chailleux, A. Design of agro-ecological farming systems through agro-ecological management of pests and the use of organic residues (DIVECOSYS): project 2019-2024. (2019) 30 p.

Klein, T. Comparison of summer droughts of 1976 and 2003 in Western Europe using climate indices. BSGLg. 53(2009)75-86.

Tiscovschi, A.; Manea, G.; Cocos, O. ; Vijulie, I. ; Cuculici, R. Characteristics of aridity conditions in Sout Dobroudja. Riscuri si catastrofe, Casa Cărţii de Sţiinţă, Cluj-Napoca, XII . 12(2013) 57-65.

IEDA. Aridity and semi-aridity: meanings, contents and developments. "Promoting the Resilience of Economies in Semi-Arid Zones" at IED-Afrique. (2005).

Lebourgeois, F.; Piedallu, C. Understand the level of drought in the context of stationary studies and forest management based on bioclimatic indices. Rev. For. Fr. LVII . 4(2005) 331-356.

Nistor, M.M.; Praveen, K. R.; Vikas ,D.; Varun, N. M.; Singh, P.; Aman, A.; Virendra, K.K.; Carebia, I.A. Climate change effect on water resources in Varanasi district. Meteorol Appl .27(2020) 1 -16.

Quan, C.; Han, S.; Utescher, T.; Zhang, C.; Liu, C.Y. S. Validation of temperature–precipitation based aridity index: Paleoclimatic implications. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 386(2013).86–95.

Croitoru, A.E.; Piticar, A.; Imbroane, A.; Burada, D. Spatiotemporal distribution of aridity indices based on temperature and precipitation in the extra-Carpathian regions of Romania. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. (2012)

Piedallu ,C. ; Lebourgeois, F. ;Gégout, J.C. ;Seynave, I. ;Vepierre, R.; Cluzeau, C. ;Nedeltcheva, T.; Éric, B. ; Badeau, VDevelopment, spatialization and validation of bioclimatic indices. (2013) 86.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.